Le più belle rappresentazioni di guerrieri

[King John]

Trajan. (98-117 AD). Orichalcum sestertius (27.30 gm). Rome, AD 103-111. IMP CAES NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC P M TR P COS V P P, bust laureate right, fold of cloak on shoulder in front and behind / S P Q R OPTIMO PRINCIPI S C, Trajan's Danube bridge, depicted as a single arching span between entrance and exit towers topped by statues; a boat in the river below. BMCRE 851. Cohen 542 (8 Fr.). RIC 569. Brown and green patina. Extremely fine. Published Collecting World Coins, Winter 2005/2006, Cover and page 19.
Estimate: US$6500

IMMAGINE: COSTRUZIONE DI UN PONTE ROMANO

[eracle62]

11 ore fa, King John dice:

The Roman Empire 
Crispus caesar, 317 – 326
Medallion or medallic heavy miliarense, Thessalonica circa 320-321, AR 5.85 g. FL IVL CRISPVS N – OB CAESAR Half-figure l., wearing crested helmet and cuirass and holding spear and shield. Rev. VOTA ORBIS ET V – RBIS SEN ET P R Cippus inscribed XX / XXX / MVL / FEL set on square basis; fire on top of cippus; on either side, star. In exergue, •TS•E•. C – . RIC –, cf. Aquileia 81 (for reverse type). Gnecchi –. Toynbee –.Apparently unique and unrecorded. A magnificent portrait struck on a full fan,
liridescent toned and extremely fine
This medallic coinage originally must have been struck in some quantity since a variety of elaborate bust-types are known, they were struck at a minimum of three mints (Aquilia, Siscia and Thessalonica), and examples are known for Constantine I, Licinius I, Crispus and Constantine II. Unfortunately, the survival rate is very low: seemingly less than ten examples are known. 
The present coin is, apparently, only the second known from Thessalonica, with another, in the name of Constantine I, having appeared in the 2002 Tkalec sale (lot 248). Though the votive inscriptions (XX XXX AVG for Constantine I and II, and XX XXX MVL FEL for Licinius I and Crispus) would suggest they were struck in 325 for Constantine’s vicennalia (20th anniversary), the fact that one of the known examples was struck for Licinius makes that impossible since he abdicated in September, 324 and was executed in the spring of 325. 
Thus, we must look to an earlier date, and the only suitable one is 320/1, Constantine’s quindecennial year (15th anniversary). This would allow for the inclusion of Licinius since, as Sutherland and Carson point out in RIC VII, Constantine otherwise is not known to have struck coins for Licinius after 320. This was an important time for Constantine’s family since Crispus, after four years of annual warfare on the Rhine, had left Gaul to visit the Balkans; on January 1, 321 he assumed the consulate with Constantine II at Serdica or Sirmium, and on March 1 he married a certain Helena, seemingly a relative of his mother. 
The portion of the inscription VOT ORBIS ET VRBIS is of great interest, for it was the standard opening of Roman proclamations, which habitually were addressed “to the city of Rome and to the entire world”. Today it survives in the form of a Papal address and an Apostolic Blessing that are delivered by the Pope. Equally noteworthy is the ‘figure-eight’ symbol on the pedestal, which in the 1857 proceedings of the Annali dell’Istituto di corrispondenza archeologia was identified as a millennial sign, equating the number one thousand. It clearly represents the perpetuity of the vows and the ruling houses, and may indicate that the pillar is not a cippus, but a milestone. The flame-like design at the top may still require a precise explanation. 
The question naturally arises whether these pieces are medallions or coins. Toynbee offered her opinion: “These pieces might be reckoned as heavy miliarensia, which we have, as a class, already relegated to the category of current coins. But their outstanding medallic style, the unusual interest of their content and, in several cases, size and weight somewhat exceeding that of the average heavy miliarensia, all produce the impression that they were special issues struck, perhaps, as multiples of siliquae, set apart from the common coinage for some special purpose. ... The obverse portraits are all distinctive.” (Roman Medallions, p. 38-39)
Estimate: 30000 CHF

 

E beh......... qui scatta immediatamente la sindrome di Stendhal...

[King John]

Sicily
Sicily, Syracuse
Estimate: CHF 1'000.00
Litra (Silver, 0.81 g 5), c. 410-405. [] Head of Arethusa to right, wearing simple pendant earring and with her hair in an ampyx; behind her head, dolphin swimming downwards to right. Rev. Octopus. Bérend, KME pl. VI, 16 (same dies). Rizzo pl. XLVII, 14 (same dies). SNG ANS 282 (same dies, = KME pl. VI, 14). SNG Oxford (same dies). Very rare. Of lovely style. Extremely fine.
From the Star collection, ex Münzen und Medaillen 79, 28 February 1994, 182 and from the R.A. van Every collection, Bank Leu 15, 4 May 1976, 116. This piece is yet another ‘minor´ masterpiece, with a lovely head of Arethusa and a very lively octopus, shown with his two central tentacles entwined with each other.

[King John]

Roman Imperial 
Septimius Severus AV Aureus. Rome, AD 193-194. IMP CAE•L•SEP• SEV•PERT•AVG, laureate head right / VIRT•AVG TR P•COS, Virtus standing left, holding Victory and reversed spear. RIC 24; Calicó 2570; BMCRE 32; Biaggi 1114. 7.27g, 19mm, 12h.
Mint State. A stunning example.
Struck as part of the first issue to be produced for Septimius Severus in AD 193, the reverse type of the present piece is understandably military in flavour. Following the assassination of Commodus, and the swift removal of his successor Pertinax by the Praetorian Guard, Severus was still challenged by three rival claimants to the throne: Didius Julianus, whom Herodian (ii.6.4) tells us bought the emperorship at an auction organised by the Praetorian Guard; Pescennius Niger in Syria, whose legions had proclaimed him emperor; and the powerful governor of Britannia, Clodius Albinus. Condemned to death by the Senate, Julianus posed no threat to Severus and he was able to enter Rome unopposed, an event likely the specific catalyst for this reverse type where Severus is hailed as the 'Virtuous (or Courageous) Emperor'.
Securing his power-base in Rome and keeping Albinus closely allied by raising him to the rank of Caesar, Severus travelled to the East to quell the revolt led by the other claimant Niger and routed his army at the Battle of Issus. However once back in Rome, and having proclaimed his son Caracalla his successor, Albinus' troops revolted and declared their leader emperor: meeting Albinus' army near Lugdunum in 197, a great battle ensued after which, with Albinus dead and his army defeated, Severus had cemented his control over the whole Empire.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: LA BATTAGLIA DI LUGDUNUM DEL 197 D.C. VINTA DA SETTIMIO SEVERO SU CLODIO ALBINO

[apollonia]

25 minuti fa, King John dice:

Sicily
Sicily, Syracuse
Estimate: CHF 1'000.00
Litra (Silver, 0.81 g 5), c. 410-405. [] Head of Arethusa to right, wearing simple pendant earring and with her hair in an ampyx; behind her head, dolphin swimming downwards to right. Rev. Octopus. Bérend, KME pl. VI, 16 (same dies). Rizzo pl. XLVII, 14 (same dies). SNG ANS 282 (same dies, = KME pl. VI, 14). SNG Oxford (same dies). Very rare. Of lovely style. Extremely fine.
From the Star collection, ex Münzen und Medaillen 79, 28 February 1994, 182 and from the R.A. van Every collection, Bank Leu 15, 4 May 1976, 116. This piece is yet another ‘minor´ masterpiece, with a lovely head of Arethusa and a very lively octopus, shown with his two central tentacles entwined with each other.

Quell'aggeggio in orizzontale leggermente inclinato verso l'alto è la spada del guerriero e non qualcos'altro di suo, vero?

[King John]

2 minuti fa, apollonia dice:

Quell'aggeggio in orizzontale leggermente inclinato verso l'alto è la spada del guerriero e non qualcos'altro di suo, vero?

ti avventuri su terreni franosi.....

[eracle62]

Ammazza che aureo sembra fatto ieri...

Mi viene in mente spesso di come la gente non fatichi credere magari ad un tondello in altissima conservazione di qualche secolo fa..

E poi ti ritrovi a fare i conti con alcune Greche e talune Romane...

Ma forse la numismatica è bella proprio per questo, per destar l'incredulità nel prossimo..

[King John]

ROYAUME ACHEMENIDE, AR sicle, 475-420 av. J.-C. Sardes. Série IIIb, groupe B. Droit : Le roi agenouillé à droite sur une ligne de sol, tenant une lance et un arc. Revers : Carré creux allongé. Ref.: Carradice, 21. 5,37g.

[King John]

Lot number: 2204 Price realized: 200 EUR   (Approx. 246 USD)
Lot description: GRIECHISCHE MÜNZEN, ASIEN, PHRYGIEN, KIBYRA. Drachme. 166-84. Behelmter Jünglingskopf r. Rs: Reiter mit eingelegter Lanze galoppiert r. Beizeichen Zweig. SNG COP. -. SNG v. Aulock 3711. 2.96g, Schöne Tönung. Schrötlingsriß. Min. korrodiert. fast vz Erworben aus dem europäischen Münzhandel vor 1973, seitdem in deutscher Privatsammlung.  Estimate: 250 EUR

[King John]

Leu Numismatik AG > Auction 2	Auction date: 11 May 2018
Lot number: 4 Price realized: To Be Posted
Lot description: CELTIC, Central Gaul. Aedui. 50-30 BC. Quinarius (Silver, 13 mm, 1.89 g, 3 h), Dubnocoveros and Dubnorex. D[VBNO]COV Female head to right. Rev. [DVB]NOREX Warrior standing slightly to left, holding boar standard with both hands. DT 3211. LT 5026. Beautifully toned and unusually well centered. Very light porosity, otherwise, good very fine. From the Helvetii Collection, formed in the 1970s and 1980s. Estimate: 200 CHF

[Guest simo88]

Belle le scene bravo 

[King John]

3 ore fa, simo88 dice:

Belle le scene bravo 

Grazie!

[King John]

The Roman Empire 
Agrippina Senior, wife of Germanicus and mother of Gaius. Sestertius Roma 37-41,
Æ 28.40 g. 
Description: AGRIPPINA M F MAT C CAESARIS AVGVSTI Draped bust r., hair falling in long plait at the back. Rev. S·P·Q·R / MEMORIAE / AGRIPPINAE Carpentum drawn l. by two mules; the cover supported by standing figures at the corners with ornamented side. References: C 1
BMC Gaius 81-5
RIC Gaius 55
CBN Gaius 128 Condition: Very rare. A very interesting and finely engraved reverse composition. Brown patina very gently smoothed, otherwise good very fine Provenance: Vinchon, November 1986, 629
CNG sale 100, 2015, 1840
The Armand Trampitsch collection Note: Three issues of sestertii were struck in honour of Agrippina Senior, one of the most tragically unfortunate women of Roman history. She began life as a favoured member of the Julio-Claudian family during the reign of her grandfather Augustus, and upon her marriage to Livia’s grandson Germanicus, she seemed destined to achieve the highest possible status.
However, upon the death of Augustus and the accession of Tiberius, her life took a turn for the worse: supreme power had shifted from the bloodlines of the Julii to the Claudii. Though her marriage represented an ideal union of Julian and Claudian, it was not destined to survive Tiberius’ reign. Germanicus died late in 19 under suspicious circumstances, after which Agrippina devoted the next decade of her life to openly opposing Tiberius until in 29 he deprived her of freedom, and in 33 of life itself.
The sestertii dedicated to Agrippina are easily segregated. The first, produced by her son Caligula, shows on its reverse a carpentum; the second, issued by her brother Claudius, shows SC surrounded by a Claudian inscription, and the third is simply a restoration of the Claudian type by Titus, on which the reverse inscription is instead dedicated to that emperor.
Though both Caligula and Claudius portrayed Agrippina, each did so from their own perspective, based upon the nature of their relationship with her. The inscription on Caligula’s coin, AGRIPPINA M F MAT C CAESARIS AVGVSTI, describes her as the daughter of Marcus (Agrippa) and the mother of Gaius (Caligula). While Claudius also identifies her as Agrippa’s daughter, his inscription ends GERMANICI CAESARIS, thus stressing her role as the wife of his brother Germanicus. It is also worth noting that on the issue of Caligula Agrippina has a slender profile like that of her son, whereas on Claudius’ sestertii her face is more robust, in accordance with his appearance.
The carpentum reverse is not only a superbly executed type, but has a foundation in the recorded events of the day. Suetonius (Gaius 15) describes the measures taken by Caligula to honour his family at the outset of his reign, which included gathering the ashes of his mother and brothers, all victims of persecution during the reign of Tiberius. Upon returning to Rome, Caligula, with his own hands, transferred to an urn his mother’s ashes ”with the utmost reverence”; he then instituted Circus games in her honour, at which ”…her image would be paraded in a covered carriage.”
There can be little doubt that the carpentum on this sestertius relates to the special practice initiated by Caligula. The inscription, SPQR MEMORIAE AGRIPPINAE, is itself dedicatory from the Senate and the Roman people to the memory of Agrippina.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: UN CARPENTUM, UN TIPO DI CARRO USATO NELL'ANTICA ROMA. Solitamente a due ruote e più raramente a quattro ruote, il carpentum era trainato da muli. Era utilizzato dalle matrone e dalle Vestali; dopo Augusto fu utilizzato anche dalle imperatrici

[eracle62]

Pensavi mi fossi dimenticato del tuo dolce divulgar...

Ti seguo..

Carissimo l'evento del medagliere Milanese mi ha tenuto sotto scacco..

Però tutto è andato per il meglio, e il dono alla Numismatica e agli amici che seguono con vera passione questa scienza è stato dato..

 

https://www.lamoneta.it/topic/169638-un-sogno-numismatico-diventa-realta-ac-quelli-del-cordusio-con-ambrosiana/

 

 

[King John]

8 ore fa, eracle62 dice:

Pensavi mi fossi dimenticato del tuo dolce divulgar...

Ti seguo..

Carissimo l'evento del medagliere Milanese mi ha tenuto sotto scacco..

Però tutto è andato per il meglio, e il dono alla Numismatica e agli amici che seguono con vera passione questa scienza è stato dato..

 

https://www.lamoneta.it/topic/169638-un-sogno-numismatico-diventa-realta-ac-quelli-del-cordusio-con-ambrosiana/

 

 

Ho letto tutto riguardo all'evento e, rammaricandomi per non poter essere stato presente, mi complimento con te, con @dabbene e con tutti gli altri amici del Cordusio.

Modificato 14 Maggio, 2018 da King John

[King John]

The Roman Empire 
Herennius Etruscus caesar, son of Trajan Decius, 249 – 251 
Aureus 250-251, AV 3.91 g. Q HER ETR MES DECIVS NOB C Youthful bareheaded and draped bust r., seen from behind. Rev. PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS Herennius as Princeps Iuventutis, in military attire and with cloak, standing l., holding transverse spear in his l. hand and baton in his r. C 25. RIC 147a. Calicó 3311a.
Very rare and in unusually fine condition for the issue. A gentle portrait struck
on a very large flan. Extremely fine Ex NAC 8, 1995, 916 and M&M 92, 2002, 213 sales.
The two-year reign of Trajan Decius, the first of the Illyrian-Danubian emperors, was rife with tragedy and ended in one of the most crushing defeats in Roman history. Ruling at Decius’ side, initially with the rank of Caesar, was his eldest son Herennius Etruscus, for whom this aureus was struck. At the start of their shared rule Decius entrusted Herennius with the task of leading an army to the Danubian front to confront the large numbers of Carpi who had crossed the frozen river early in 250. Meanwhile, Decius remained in Rome to deal with the plague and a host of other problems that were no less menacing. Etruscus appears to have held his own until early in 251, when Goths under the leader Kniva invaded Moesia. They tried unsuccessfully to take Nicopolis, but sacked and destroyed Philippopolis. Decius arrived in the area and took up joint command with Etruscus. Meanwhile, the governor of the Moesias, Trebonianus Gallus, commanded a reserve force. The latter apparently was not present at the massacre that was suffered by Decius and his son on or about July 1 in the marshes near Abritus, about 50 miles south of the Danube. Eutropius’ account of their fate is brief and to the point: ”When [Decius] and his son had ruled for two years both were killed in barbarian territory. They were enrolled among the gods.” Aurelius Victor offers more details and intimates that the next emperor, Gallus, purposely may not have helped Decius and his son in their hour of need: ”The Decii, while pursuing the barbarians across the Danube, died through treachery at Abritus after reigning two years. But very many report that the deaths of the Decii were honorable; that, in fact, the son had fallen in battle while his dejected soldiers were saying many things to console their emperor, had strenuously asserted that the loss of one soldier seemed to him too little to matter. And so he resumed the war and died in a similar manner while fighting vigorously.”

[King John]

Numismatica Ars Classica > Auction 106	Auction date: 9 May 2018
Lot number: 1002 Price realized: To Be Posted
Lot description: Severus Alexander, 222 – 235. Aureus 226, AV 6.69 g. IMP C M AVR SEV – ALEXAND AVG Laureate and draped bust r. Rev. P M TR P V – COS II P P Nymphaeum of Severus Alexander above building of which both sides are seen in perspective; in centre, three arches, the central arch containing two statues, the side arches one statue; on roof facing quadriga, to l. and r. three pieces of statuary; below, open space with figure; underneath, five arches alternately large and small; on either side of space, wing of building in three tiers, in each wing, top and centre tiers of two arches, each containing statue; each wing is surmounted by standing figure; semi-circular basin in front of building. C 298. BMC 323 note. RIC 58. Calicó 3109. Of the highest rarity, apparently only the third specimen known. An issue of tremendous importance and fascination featuring a superb portrait and the only surviving image of this spectacular monument, which is today almost completely destroyed. Virtually as struck and almost Fdc When the Emperor Elagabalus was killed by the Praetorian Guard at the behest of his grandmother in A.D. 222, he was succeeded by his popular 13-year-old cousin, Severus Alexander. The reign of Severus Alexander, strongly influenced by his powerful mother, Julia Mamaea, was generally prosperous for Rome and the Empire, but miscalculations with respect to the army ultimately brought it to a bad end. In a conscious attempt to distance Severus Alexander from the excesses of Elagabalus, the young emperor was surrounded with able advisors like the famous jurist Ulpian and the senatorial historian Cassius Dio. Such men assisted him in reorganizing the municipal administration of the capital and in legal reforms, many of which were aimed at improving public morals and reducing displays of excessive luxury. New laws enacted under Severus Alexander also did much to protect the property rights of soldiers and their ability to pass on their possessions to heirs of their own choosing. In A.D. 229-230, he also raised the purity of the silver denarius from 43% at the outset of his reign to 45% and then 50.5%. In A.D. 230, Ardashir, the first of the Sasanian monarchs, invaded Roman Mesopotamia and besieged Nisibis, prompting Severus Alexander to lead a campaign against the upstart Sasanian Empire. The emperor arrived in Syria in A.D. 231, where he first attempted to negotiate a return to the borders that had existed under the late Parthians. When the negotiations collapsed in the following year, Severus Alexander and Ardashir moved on to open war. Several inconclusive battles were fought and the emperor was successful in forcing the Sasanian Persians to withdraw from Mesopotamia, but he could do nothing to overthrow Ardashir or his dynasty. In A.D. 233 Severus Alexander returned to Rome where he celebrated a grand triumph as a latter-day Alexander the Great, the conqueror of Persia. However, even while this was going on new trouble was brewing in the North. The Germanic Alemanni overran and destroyed the Roman limes (frontier fortifications) near the Black Forest, threatening invasion deeper into Roman territory. The emperor marched to the Rhine frontier to halt their advance, but once there he tried to put an end to their onslaught through diplomacy and bribery. This soft approach rankled with the legionaries, who thought such negotiation to be dishonorable, and on March 19, A.D. 235, members of Legio II Parthica and Legio XXII Primigenia mutinied and killed both Severus Alexander and his mother at Mogontiacum (Mainz). The mutineers proclaimed Maximinus Thrax, a rough and ready prefect of Legio II Parthica, to be the new emperor. The murder of Severus Alexander was a watershed moment for the Roman Empire. It not only brought an end to the dynasty founded by Septimius Severus in A.D. 193, but marked the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century and the destructive age of the Barracks Emperors. This stunning and exceedingly rare aureus of Severus Alexander advertises some of his improvement works in Rome as it shows on the reverse the features of the Nymphaeum divi Alexandri, one of the three nymphaea explicity listed by name (the others are Nymphaea Tria on the Aventine and the Nymphaea Iovis beneath the present-day Piazza S. Silvestro) of the fifteen assessed in the city of Rome, according to the catalogue of the regionses of the fourth century AD. It was constructed in A.D. 226 as the terminus of a new aqueduct-the Aqua Alexandrina-built on the Esquiline Hill as part of a project to enlarge the old Baths of Nero. The castellum (tower) of the Nymphaeum is still visible in the Piazza Vittorio Emmanuelle to this day (at the fork of the Labicana and Collatina streets) and is fed by the Aqua Iulia (the "Mostra"). Originally, as depicted on the coin the Nymphaeum took the form of a triple triumphal arch surmounted by an image of the emperor riding in a quadriga, although in A.D. 226 Severus Alexander had yet to win a notable military victory or celebrate a triumph. Victories flank the main building while statues stand within the arches and in smaller arches below. The water from the fountain gathered in the pool enclosure at the base. The same Nymphaeum types also appeared on contemporary denarii, sestertii, and asses. Divergent details on some asses led to scholarly debate about whether some examples depicted the Nymphaeum and others the Baths until it was discovered that the "Baths" issues were really Nymphaeum asses with tooled modifications. Severus Alexander's achievements in civil engineering are summarised in the "Life of Alexander Severo" (Chap. 25) contained in the Historia Augusta, as follows: "He rebuilt the edificies raised by his predecessors and saw to the erecting of many others, including the Thermea named after him, sited next to the old Thermae of Nero and fed by the aqueduct now called Alexandrine". ILLUSTRAZIONE: IL NINFEO DI ALESSANDRO SEVERO A ROMA, COM'ERA E QUELLO CHE RIMANE.

[eracle62]

Andiamo di aurei..

Lode a questi incisori, lode al ritratto di Erennio, un capolavoro stilistico, questo ritratto giovanile è  per intensità espressiva fuori dal coro..

Il ritratto di Alessandro Severo, ha l'essenza della classicità, e un qualità incisoria notevolissima, con una cura dei particolari non indifferente.

Il rovescio non regge purtroppo il livello qualitativo del dritto, sembrerebbe addirittura un'altra mano..

Eros 

[VALTERI]

Dall'isola di Lesbo, 2 frazionali in argento con figurazioni " guerriere " .

Un rarissimo triemiobolo di attribuzione ( non univoca ) a Mitilene, con al rovescio un elmo corinzio in incuso ed un tetrobolo da Metimna con oplita al diritto .

[eracle62]

Quello che mi sono chiesto sempre sin da quando vidi per la prima volta i tondelli del mondo antico, del perchè non ci sia stata un'evoluzione  incisoria, pur attribuendolo il tutto presumibilmnete ad un mutamento di pensiero, fede, e filosofia...

Lo sviluppo non sempre porta a progressi..

Mi guardo attorno...odo e vedo solo involuzione..

Più mi soffermo sul mondo antico è più sono convito che il tempo si sia fermato ai tempi di Ebaio..

[King John]

Roman Imperial
Constantius II AD 337-361. Cyzicus Centenionalis Æ 22mm., 4,97g. D N CONSTANTIVS P F AVG, diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right / FEL TEMP REPARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing a bearded fallen horseman, who reaches back towards soldier, star left, mintmark SMKB. good very fine RIC VIII 92 var.

[King John]

The Roman Republic
C. Iulius Caesar, Iulia, mint moving with Caesar (RRC), Rome (BMCRR), 48-47 BC (RRC), 49 BC (BMCRR), Denarius , AR, gr. 3,9, mm 17,8/19,2. Female head r. wearing oak-wreath and diadem.; behind, LII. Rv. Trophy with Gallic shield and carnyx; below, bearded captive seated with hands tied behind back; on either side, CAE-SAR. RRC 452/4; BMCRR Roma 3959; B. Iulia 28; Sydenham 1010; Catalli 2001, 647b.
Extremely rare. Cabinet tone. Good extremely fine.
This coin is produced for Caesar four years after the surrender of Alesia (52 b.C.) and the capture of Vercingetorix, chief of Averno and the Gauls’ resistance. In 48-47 b.C. Caesar had granted to the people of Transalpine region the entrance into the Roman army, the Roman citizenship and also allowed some to become senators. These actions were not politically and socially approved in Rome. To this Svetonio writes: “Gallos Caesar in triumphum ducit, idem in curiam; Galli bracas deposuerunt, latum clavum sumpserunt” (Suet. Caes., 80).
Therefore it was necessary to reassure the Roman nationalism. As we see on the back side of the coin, the armies trophy is highly visible and accompanied by the shield, the armor and the carnyx; the Gauls’ trumpet – symbol of the conquest – and the naked prisoner sitting and submissive with his hands tied. Babelon identifies the man as Vercingetorix who was killed in Rome in 46 b.C., while Crawford identifies a generic figure of a Gaul soldier.

ILLUSTRAZIONE: L'ESERCITO ROMANO PREPARA L'ASSEDIO DI ALESIA (52 A.C.)

[eracle62]

Interessante il rovescio di Costantino II per l'idea di movimento che l'incisore riesce a a dare nella scena riprodotta, per il denarino di Giulio Cesare, invece l'evento rappresentato con quel prigioniero legato, non mi sembra molto riuscito e di poco impatto..

Ambedue i tondelli risentono di una qualità incisoria sui rovesci, dando un aspetto un pò più fumettistico che altro.. e per le accentuate carenze proporzionali dei soggetti.

[King John]

circa 110 b.C. CCELTIC AE As. EF. Horseman to right. Circa 110 b.C. H

Obverse: Celtic male head to right wearing torque at neck. Three dolphins in fields.
Reverse: Horseman with palm riding to right. Celtic legend in exergue.

circa 110 b.C. 13,8 g - 28,5 mm

[King John]

Ancient Greek - Sicily, Gela c. 430-425 BC - AR Litra (15/13.5mm; 0.49gm) - Warrior on horseback / Man-headed bull - HGC 2, 374; SNG ANS 82