Permessi lavorativi all'epoca degli Egizi

[ARES III]

DA 'PARENTI IMBALSAMATI' A 'MORSI AVVELENATI', ECCO COME GLI EGIZIANI SALTAVANO IL LAVORO

 

Gli imprevisti capitano da sempre e le motivazioni per saltare il lavoro non sono una "invenzione" recente. All'interno del British Museum è possibile trovare un manufatto noto come "Asset 514988001" che contiene una lista di tutte le assenze da parte dei lavoratori dell'antico Egitto.

"Un elenco di quaranta nomi è disposto in colonne sul bordo destro di ciascun lato, seguito a sinistra da date scritte in nero su una linea orizzontale. Sopra la maggior parte delle date c'è una parola o una frase in rosso, che indica il motivo per cui questa persona era assente dal lavoro in quella data", afferma la descrizione della tavola.

Tra le motivazioni di assenza, troviamo: gente come Seba che si è ammalata dopo essere stata colpita da uno scorpione. Altri giustificavano la loro assenza a causa della "moglie o figlia sanguinante" in riferimento a parenti mestruati. Molto spesso, invece, gli antichi egizi si sono presi giorni liberi per imbalsamare e dire addio ai loro parenti defunti.

Si tratta di un'affascinante istantanea della vita egiziana che rivela il loro sistema lavorativo, che includeva anche dei permessi, ben flessibili, che dimostra che non si tratta di un'invenzione moderna (e forse, per certi versi, i loro permessi erano anche più lungimiranti rispetto a quelli di oggi, come ad esempio quello pseudo "congedo mestruale").

Anche dopo più di 2.000 anni, forse possiamo prendere esempio dagli antichi egizi.

 

https://tech.everyeye.it/notizie/parenti-imbalsamati-morsi-avvelenati-come-egiziani-saltavano-lavoro-649548.html

Asset number

514988001

Description

Full: Front

Ostracon with attendance register: limestone ostracon labelled 'Year 40' of Ramses II on the top of the front side and providing a workmen's register for 280 days of the year. There are twenty-four lines of New Egyptian hieratic on the front and twenty-one lines on the back. A list of forty names is arranged in columns on the right edge of each side, followed to the left by dates written in black in a horizontal line. Above most dates is a word or phrase in red, indicating the reason why this individual was absent from work on that date.

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/image/514988001

[ARES III]

 

ostracon

Object Type

ostracon

Museum numbAuthority

Governor: Ramses II

Regnal date

40

Cultures/periods

19th Dynasty (Year 40 of Ramses II)

Production date

1250BC

Findspot

Excavated/Findspot: Deir el-Medina (Thebes)

Africa: Egypt: Qena (Governorate): Deir el-Medina (Thebes)

Materials

limestone

Dimensions

Height: Height: 38.50 centimetres

Width: Width: 33 centimetres

Inscriptions

• Inscription type: inscription
• Inscription position: front
• Inscription script: Hieratic
• Inscription translation: Year 40 Penduauu: month 1 of Spring, day 14 (DRINKING WITH KHONSU) Hornefer: month 2 of Winter, day 13 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 14 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 15 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter(WITH HIS BOSS), day 16 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 17(WITH HIS BOSS), day 23 (WITH HIS BOSS)…. month … of Summer, …. (…) Hornefer: month 2 of Summer, day 10 (ILL) Sawadjyt: month 3 of Spring, day 23 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 24(WITH HIS BOSS), month 4 of Spring, day 16 (HIS DAUGHTER WAS BLEEDING), month 1 of Winter, day 14 (OFFERING TO THE GOD), month 1 of Winter, day 15 (DITTO), month 1 of Winter, day 24 (LIBATING TO HIS FATHER), day 25 (DITTO), day 26(?) (DITTO), day 28(?) (WITH HIS BOSS) Sawadjyt: month 2 of Summer, day 14(WITH HIS BOSS), Horemwia: month 3 of Spring, day 21(WITH HIS BOSS), day 22 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 8 (BREWING BEER), month 3 of Summer, day 17 (ILL), day 18 (ILL), day 21 (ILL), day 22, month 2 of Summer, day 4 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Summer, day … (WITH HIS BOSS) Horemwia: month 4 of Summer, day 4 (ILL), day 5 (ILL), day 6 (ILL), day 7 (ILL) Amennakht: month 4 of Spring, day 15 (WITH HIS BOSS DITTO), day 16 (DITTO), day 17 (DITTO), month 3 of Winter, day 18 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Summer, day 4 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 3 of Summer, day 7, day 8 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 3 of Summer, day 24, day 25, day 26 (WITH HIS BOSS) Wadjmose: month 4 of Winter, day 23(HIS DAUGHTER WAS BLEEDING), month 4 of Summer, day 6 (BUILDING HIS HOUSE) Nebamentet: Hehnekhu: month 1 of Summer, day 16 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 17 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Summer, day 7 (WRAPPING (THE CORPSE OF) HIS MOTHER), day 8 (DITTO) Nakhy: month 1 of Spring, day 14 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 15 (DITTO) Nakhtmin: month 1 of Winter, day 25 (LIBATING), month 2 of Winter, day 7 (FETCHING STONE FOR THE SCRIBE), month 3 of Winter, day 27 (HIS WIFE WAS BLEEDING) Pennub: month 3 of Spring, day 21 (WITH AAPEHTI), day 22 (DITTO), day 23 (DITTO), day24 (DITTO), month 2 of Winter, day 7 (FETCHING STONE FOR THE SCRIBE), month 2 of Winter, day 8 (FETCHING STONE FOR THE SCRIBE), day 23 (WITH THE SCRIBE), day 24 (WITH THE SCRIBE), month 3 of Winter, day 28 (BREWING BEER), month 4 of Winter, day 24 (HIS MOTHER WAS ILL), day 25 (DITTO) Aapehti: month 3 of Spring, day 21 (ILL), day 22 (ILL), day 23 (ILL), day 24 (ILL), month 4 of Spring, day 7 (ILL), day 8 (ILL), day 15 (ILL), day 16 (ILL), month 1 of Winter, day 14 (OFFERING TO THE GOD), month 1 of Winter, day 17 (ILL), month 1 of Winter, day 18 (ILL), month 1 of Summer, day 27 (ILL) Khaemtir: month 3 of Spring, day 21 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 22 (DITTO), day 23 (DITTO), day 24 (DITTO), month 4 of Spring, day 17 (BURYING THE GOD), month 1 of Winter, day 18 (BREWING BEER), month 3 of Summer, day 8 (ILL) Amenmose: month 2 of Winter, day 8 (BREWING BEER) Anuy: month 1 of Winter, day 24 (FETCHING STONE FOR THE SCRIBE), month 3 of Winter, day 28 (BREWING BEER) Wennefer: month 1 of Winter, day 14 (OFFERING TO THE GOD), month 4 of Summer, day 4 (OFFERING TO HIS GOD) Buqentuf: month 1 of Winter, day 17 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 1 of Winter, day 18 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Summer, day 6 (WRAPPING (THE CORPSE OF) HIS MOTHER), day 8 (DITTO) Manninakhtef Huy: month 1 of Winter, day 17 (BREWING BEER), day 18 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Winter, day 17 (BREWING BEER), month 3 of Winter, day 27 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 28 (DITTO), month 4 of Winter, day 3 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 4 of Winter, day 7 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 8 (DITTO) Huy: month 4 of Winter, day 24 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 4 of Summer, day 25 (DITTO), day 26 (DITTO) ….: month 3 of Spring, day 21 (ILL), day 22 (ILL), day 23 (ILL), day 24 (ILL), month 4 of Spring, day 7 (ILL), day 8 (ILL), month 1 of Winter, day 24 (ILL), month 2 of Winter day 8 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Summer, day 8 (BREWING BEER) Paherypedjet: month 3 of Spring, day 21 (WITH AAPEHTI), day 22 (DITTO), day 23 (DITTO), day 24 (DITTO), month 4 of Spring, day 7 (DITTO), day 8 (DITTO), day 15 (DITTO), day 16 (DITTO), day 17 (DITTO), month 1 of Winter, day 14 (OFFERING TO THE GOD), month 2(?) of Winter, day 13 (…), month 3 of Winter, day 25 (WITH KHONS MAKING REMEDIES), 26 (DITTO), month 3 of Winter, day 27 (DITTO), month 1 of Summer, day 25 (MAKING REMEDIES FOR THE SCRIBE’S WIFE), day 26 (DITTO), day 27 (DITTO), month 2 of Summer, day 2 (DITTO), day 3 (DITTO), day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day 8 (DITTO), month 3 of Summer, day 3 (WITH KHONS MAKING REMEDIES), day 17 (WITH HOREMWIA), day 18 (WITH HOREMWIA), day 21 (DITTO), day 22, month 4 of Summer, day 4, month 4 of Summer, day 5, day 6, day 7, day 8, day 24 (ILL), day 25, day 26, month 1 of Spring, day 15 (ILL), day 16 (?) (ILL)
• Inscription note: Painted.

• Inscription type: inscription
• Inscription position: back
• Inscription script: Hieratic
• Inscription translation: Huynefer: month 2 of Winter, day 7 (ILL), month 2 of Winter, day 8 (ILL), month 3 of Summer, day 3 (SUFFERING WITH HIS EYE), month 3 of Summer, day 5 (SUFFERING WITH HIS EYE), day 7 (ILL), day 8 (ILL) Amenemwia: month 1 of Winter, day 15 (EMBALMING HORMOSE), month 2 of Winter, day 7 (OFF ABSENT), month 2 of Winter, day 8 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Winter, day 16 (STRENGTHENING THE DOOR), day 23 (ILL), day 24 (ILL), month 3 of Winter, day 6 (WRAPPING (THE CORPSE OF) HIS MOTHER) Inhurkhawy: month 4 of Spring, day 17 (HIS WIFE WAS BLEEDING) Neferabu: month 4 of Spring, day 15 (HIS DAUGHTER WAS BLEEDING), day 17 (BURYING THE GOD), month 2 of Summer, day 7 (EMBALMING HIS BROTHER), day 8 (LIBATING FOR HIM), month 4 of Summer, day 26 (HIS WIFE WAS BLEEDING). Paser: month 1 of Winter, day 25 (LIBATING FOR HIS SON), month 1 of Summer, day 27 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Summer, day 14 (ILL), day 15 (ILL) Pakhuru: month 4 of Summer, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7 (ILL), day 8 Seba: month 4 of Spring, day 17 (THE SCORPION BIT HIM), month 1 of Winter, day 25 (ILL), month 4 of Winter, day 8 (HIS WIFE WAS BLEEDING), month 1 of Summer, day 25, 26, 27 (ILL), month 2 of Summer, day 2, day 3 (ILL), month 2 of Summer, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7 (ILL: erased), Neferemsenut: month 2 of Winter, day 7 (ILL) Simut: month 1 of Winter, day 18 (OFF ABSENT), month 1 of Winter, day 25 (HIS WIFE WAS … AND BLEEDING), month 4 of Winter, day 23 (HIS WIFE WAS BLEEDING) Khons: month 4 of Spring, day 7 (ILL), month 3 of Winter, day 25 (ILL), month 3 of Winter, day 26 (ILL), day 27, day 28 (ILL), month 4 of Winter, day 8 (WITH HIS GOD), month 4 of Summer, day 26 (ILL), month 1 of Spring, day 14 (HIS FEAST), day 15 (HIS FEAST) Inuy: month 1 of Winter, day 24 (FETCHING STONE FOR QENHERKHEPSHEF), month 2 of Winter day 8 (DITTO), month 2 of Winter, day 17 (OFF ABSENT WITH THE SCRIBE), month 2 of Winter, day 24 Sunero: month 2 of Winter, day 8 (BREWING BEER), month 2 of Summer, day 2 (ILL), day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6, day 7, day 8 (ILL) Nebenmaat: month 3 of Summer, day 21 (ILL), day 22 (DITTO), month 4 of Summer, day 4 (DITTO), day 5, day 6 (DITTO), day 7, day 8 (DITTO), month 4 of Summer, day 24 (ILL), day 25 (ILL), day 26 (ILL) Merwaset: month 2 of Winter, day 17 (BREWING BEER), month 3 of Summer, day 5 (ILL), day 7, day 8 (ILL), month 3 of Summer, day 17 (ILL), day 18 (WITH HIS BOSS) Ramose: month 2 of Winter, day 14 (ILL), day 15 (ILL), month 2 of Summer, day 2 (MOURNING HIS SON), day 3 (ILL) Bakenmut: month 2 of Winter, day 7 (FETCHING STONE FOR THE SCRIBE) Rahotep: month 1 of Winter, day 14 (OFFFERING TO THE GOD), month 4 of Winter, day 25 (HIS DAUGHTER WAS BLEEDING), month 2 of Summer, day 5 (WRAPPING (THE CORPSE OF) HIS SON), day 6, day 7, day 8 (DITTO), month 4 of Summer, day 7 (WITH THE SCRIBE), day 8 (WITH THE SCRIBE) Iierniutef: month 2 of Winter, day 8 (OFF ABSENT), month 2 of Winter, day 17 (WITH THE SCRIBE), month 2 of Winter, day 23 (ILL), month 3 of Winter, day 27 (WITH THE SCRIBE), day 28 (OFF ABSENT), month 4 of Winter, day 8 (WITH THE SCRIBE), month 1 of Spring, day 14 Nakhtamun: month 1 of Winter, day 18 (BREWING BEER), month 1 of Winter, day 25 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 13 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 14 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 15 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 16 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 17, day 18 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 2 of Winter, day 24 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 3 of Winter, day 25 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 3 of Winter, day 26 (WITH HIS BOSS), month 3 of Winter, day 27 (WITH HIS BOSS), day 28 (WITH HIS BOSS), day … (WITH HIS BOSS), month 4 of Winter, day 8 (WITH THE SCRIBE), month 1 of Summer, day 16 (SUFFERING WITH HIS EYE), day 17 (SUFFERING WITH HIS EYE), month 1 of Summer, day 25 (ILL), day 26, day 27 (ILL) month 3 of Summer, day 21 Nakhtamun (WITH HIS BOSS)
• Inscription note: Painted.

Inscription subject

administrative

Curator's comments

Although the list was compiled in Year 40, the information is likely to relate to the preceding year. The register was probably composed from a day-to-day rota kept as notes on smaller ostraca; only about 70 out of the 280 days covered by the register seem to have been full working days. Qenherkhepshef is mentioned by name in l. 11 of the verso in a red entry entry, and is alluded to as 'the scribe' in several others.

On month 3 of Akhet, days 21-4, it seems that Pennub was off work because he was looking after the ill Aapehti. The most frequently recorded reason for absence is illness (over a hundred times), including 'eye trouble', and 'the scorpion stung him'; the next most frequent is being away with one's superior doing private work for him, a practice that was not forbidden if done in moderation.

Bibliographic references

Parkinson 1999 / Cracking Codes: The Rosetta Stone and Decipherment (76)

Demaree 2002 / Ramesside Ostraca (pl.25-28)

Strudwick 2006 / Masterpieces of Ancient Egypt (pp.206-207)

Trismegistos / An interdisciplinary portal of papyrological and epigraphic resources (136354)

Location

On display (G61/dc3) (G61/dc3)

Condition

good

Acquisition date

1823

Acquisition notes

From the 1823 Salt Collection according to the Demarree publication

Department

Egypt and Sudan

BM/Big number

EA5634

Registration number

.5634

Additional IDs

Miscellaneous number: Miscellaneous number: BS.5634 (Birch Slip Number) (Birch Slip Number)

 

 

Modificato 16 Maggio, 2023 da ARES III

[ARES III]

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA5634

[Adelchi66]

Non si pretende tanto, sarebbe sufficiente avere i pannolini gratis o senza IVA come in un qualsiasi paese civile.

Avere le mestruazioni non è un lusso.

[ARES III]

1 minuto fa, Adelchi66 dice:

Non si pretende tanto, sarebbe sufficiente avere i pannolini gratis o senza IVA come in un qualsiasi paese civile.

Avere le mestruazioni non è un lusso.

 

Hai ragione.

[VALTERI]

Documento interessante, da un grande periodo dell' Egitto, il lunghissimo regno di Ramses II .

[Teo500]

Bel documento ed è molto interessante